CHEMISTRY GRADE 12

COURSE DESCRIPTION:
- Solid State
 - Solutions
 - Electrochemistry
 - Chemical Kinetics
 - Surface Chemistry
 - General Principles and Processes of Isolation of Elements
 - The p-Block Elements
 - the d- and f- Block Elements
 - Coordination Compounds
 - Haloalkanes and Haloarenes
 - Alcohols, Phenols, and Ethers
 - Biomolecules
 - Aldehydes, Ketones & Carboxylic Acids
 - Chemistry in Everyday Life
 - Polymers
 - Amines
 
Solid State - Part 1
						1					
					
							Introduction						
					
						2					
					
							Classification of Solids						
					
						4					
					
							Types of Crystalline Solids – Part 2						
					
						6					
					
							Types of Unit Cells						
					
						7					
					
							Crystal Systems						
					
						8					
					
							Number of Atoms in Unit Cells – Part 1						
					
						9					
					
							Number of Atoms in Unit Cells – Part 2						
					
						10					
					
							Closed Packed Structures						
					
						11					
					
							3 Dimensional Closed Packing						
					
						12					
					
							Formula of a Compound and Number of Voids Filled						
					
						13					
					
							Example 1.2						
					
						14					
					
							Locating Tetrahedral Void						
					
						15					
					
							Packing Efficiency in HCP and CCP						
					
						16					
					
							Packing Efficiency in Body Centered Cubic Structures						
					
						17					
					
							Packing Efficiency in Simple Cubc Lattice; Calculations						
					Solutions
						1					
					
							Introduction						
					
						2					
					
							Expressing Concentration of Solutions – Part 1						
					
						3					
					
							Expressing Concentration of Solutions – Part 2						
					
						4					
					
							Examples; Solubility – Part 1						
					
						5					
					
							Solubility – Part 2						
					
						6					
					
							In Text Questions 2.5, 2.6 and 2.7						
					
						7					
					
							Vapour Pressure of Solutions						
					
						8					
					
							Text Book Questions						
					
						9					
					
							Vapour Pressure of Solutions of Solids in Liquids; Ideal Solutions						
					
						10					
					
							Non Ideal Solutions; Azetrophs						
					
						11					
					
							Colligative Properties and Determination of Molar Mass						
					
						12					
					
							Elevation of Boiling Point						
					
						13					
					
							Depression of Freezing Point						
					
						14					
					
							Osmosis, Reverse Osmosis, Abnormal Molar Mass						
					
						15					
					
							Van’t Hoff Factor and Solved Problems						
					Electrochemistry
						1					
					
							Introduction						
					
						2					
					
							Voltaic Cell						
					
						3					
					
							Measurement of Electrode Potential						
					
						4					
					
							Equilibrium Constant from Nernst Equation						
					
						5					
					
							Conductance of Electrolytic Solutions						
					
						6					
					
							Law of Independent Migration of Ions ; Electrolysis						
					
						7					
					
							Products of Electrolysis						
					Chemical Kinetics - Part 1
						1					
					
							Rate of Chemical Reactions						
					
						2					
					
							Average and Instantaneous Rate						
					
						3					
					
							Reactions – Different Stoichiometry Coefficients						
					
						4					
					
							Rate Law Expressions – Part 1						
					
						5					
					
							Rate Law Expressions – Part 2						
					
						6					
					
							Unimolecular and Complex Reactions						
					
						7					
					
							Molecularity of a Reaction						
					
						8					
					
							Integrated Rate Equations – Part 1						
					Chemical Kinetics - Part 2
						1					
					
							Integrated Rate Equations – Part 2						
					
						2					
					
							Integrated Rate Equations – Part 3						
					
						3					
					
							Problem Solving – 1						
					
						4					
					
							Effect of Temperature on the Rate of a Reaction – Part 1						
					
						5					
					
							Effect of Temperature on the Rate of a Reaction – Part 1						
					
						6					
					
							Effect of Temperature on the Rate of a Reaction – Part 2						
					
						7					
					
							Arrhenius Equation						
					
						8					
					
							Collision Theory – Part 2						
					Surface Chemistry
						1					
					
							Introduction						
					
						2					
					
							Distinction Between Adsorption and Absorption						
					
						3					
					
							Types of Adsorption						
					
						4					
					
							Adsorption Isotherms						
					
						5					
					
							Applications of Adsorption and Catalysts						
					
						6					
					
							Mechanism of Enzyme catalysis, Catalysis in Industry						
					
						7					
					
							Adsorption theory of Heterogeneous catalysis; Features of Solid catalyst – Part 1						
					
						8					
					
							Features of Solid catalyst – Part 2;Shape Selective Catalysis, Enzyme catalysis						
					
						9					
					
							Colloids; Types of Colloids; Classification of Colloids – Part 1						
					
						10					
					
							Classification of Colloids – Part 2						
					
						11					
					
							Preparation of Colloids & Purification of Colloids						
					
						12					
					
							Properties of Colloids – Part 1						
					
						13					
					
							Properties of Colloids – Part 2						
					
						14					
					
							Emulsions; Colloids around us; Application						
					Solid State - Part 2
						1					
					
							Imperfections in Solids – Part 1						
					
						2					
					
							Imperfections in Solids – Part 2						
					
						3					
					
							Electrical Properties						
					
						4					
					
							Conduction of Electricity in Semiconductors						
					
						5					
					
							Applications of n-Type and p-Type Conductors						
					
						6					
					
							Classification of Solids						
					General Principles and Processes of Isolation of Elements
						1					
					
							Occurrence of Metals; Concentration of Ores						
					
						2					
					
							Extraction of Crude metal from Concentrated ore; Thermodynamic Principles of Metallurgy						
					
						3					
					
							Extraction of Iron from its Oxides & Copper from its Oxides						
					
						4					
					
							Extraction of Zinc						
					
						5					
					
							Refining – Part 1						
					
						6					
					
							Refining – Part 2						
					The p-Block Elements
						1					
					
							Introduction; Group 15 Elements						
					
						2					
					
							Ionisation Enthalpy;Electronegativity;Physical & Chemical Properties – Group 15						
					
						3					
					
							Ammonia; Oxides of Nitrogen, Phosphorus						
					
						4					
					
							Chemical Properties of Group 15 Elements						
					
						5					
					
							p-Block – Group 16 Elements; Dioxygen						
					
						6					
					
							Simple Oxides; Ozone						
					
						7					
					
							Sulphur – Part 1						
					
						8					
					
							Sulphur – Part 2						
					
						9					
					
							Group 17 Elements						
					
						10					
					
							Chlorine						
					
						11					
					
							Oxoacids of Halogen; Interhalogen Compounds						
					
						12					
					
							Group 18 Elements						
					The d- and f- Block Elements
						1					
					
							The d- and f- Block Elements						
					
						2					
					
							Atomization Enthalpy						
					
						3					
					
							Oxidation States						
					
						4					
					
							Magnetic Properties; Formation of Coloured Ions; Interstitial Compounds; Alloys and Complex Compounds						
					
						5					
					
							Standard Electrode Potential,Trends						
					
						6					
					
							Trends and Stability of Higher Oxidation States; Compounds of d- Block Elements – Part 1						
					
						7					
					
							Compounds of d- block Elements – Part 2						
					
						8					
					
							The Lanthanides – Part 1						
					
						9					
					
							The Lanthanides – Part 2						
					
						10					
					
							The Actinides – Part 1						
					
						11					
					
							The Actinides – Part 2						
					Coordination Compounds
						1					
					
							Introduction						
					
						2					
					
							Coordination Polyhedron; Oxidation Number ;Werner’s Theory						
					
						3					
					
							Werner’s Theory of Coordination Compounds						
					
						4					
					
							Nomenclature of Coordination Compounds						
					
						5					
					
							Writing Formulas of IUPAC Names; Valence Bond Theory – Part 1						
					
						6					
					
							Isomerism in Coordination Compounds						
					
						7					
					
							Limitations of Valence Bond Theory; Crystal Field Theory (CFT) (Octahedral Complexes)						
					
						8					
					
							Crystal Field Theory ( Tetrahedral Complexes); Colour in Coordination Complexes; Bonding in Metal Carbonyls						
					
						9					
					
							Stability of the Coordination Compounds & Applications						
					Haloalkanes and Haloarenes
						1					
					
							Introduction						
					
						2					
					
							Nomenclature – Part 1; Nature of C-X Bond; Methods of Preparation – Part 1						
					
						3					
					
							Methods of Preparation – Part 2; Physical Properties						
					
						4					
					
							Chemical Reactions – Part 1						
					
						5					
					
							Chemical Reactions – Part 2						
					
						6					
					
							Stereochemical Aspects of Nucleophilic Substitution Reaction						
					
						7					
					
							Nomenclature – Part 2						
					
						8					
					
							Halogen Exchange; Reaction of Haloarenes; Polyhalogen Compounds						
					Alcohols Phenols and Ethers
						1					
					
							Nomenclature; Alcohols						
					
						2					
					
							Nomenclature; Phenols and Ethers; Structure of Functional Groups						
					
						3					
					
							Preparation of Alcohols & Phenols						
					
						4					
					
							Physical Properties of Alcohols, Phenols; Chemical Reactions						
					
						5					
					
							Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution & Important Reactions of Phenols						
					
						6					
					
							Some Commercially Important Alcohols						
					
						7					
					
							Cleavage of – OH Bond						
					
						8					
					
							Esterification & Its Applications						
					
						9					
					
							Preparation of Ethers						
					
						10					
					
							Chemical Reaction of Ethers						
					
						11					
					
							Friedel Crafts Alkylation Reaction & Acylation Reaction; Williamson Ether Synthesis						
					
						12					
					
							Acid Dissociation; Acidity of Alcohols; Cleavage of C-O Bond in Ethers						
					
						13					
					
							Williamson Synthesis of Ethers						
					Biomolecules
						1					
					
							Introduction						
					
						2					
					
							Classification of Carbohydrates; Preparation & Structure of Glucose – Part 1						
					
						3					
					
							Preparation & Structure of Glucose – Part 2						
					
						4					
					
							Cyclic Structure of Glucose; Structure of Fructose; Disaccharides; Sucrose						
					
						5					
					
							Disaccharides – Maltose, Lactose; Polysaccharides – Starch, Glycogen						
					
						6					
					
							Polysaccharides – Cellulose; Importance of Carbohydrate; Proteins						
					
						7					
					
							Types of Proteins; Structure of Proteins; Denaturation of Proteins; Enzymes						
					
						8					
					
							Vitamins; Nucleic Acids – Part 1						
					
						9					
					
							Nucleic Acids – Part 2; Double Strand Helix of DNA						
					
						10					
					
							Classification of Amino Acids; Zwitter Ion; Structure of Proteins; Structure of Fructose						
					Aldehydes Ketones & Carboxylic Acids
						1					
					
							Physical Properties & Chemical Properties of Carboxylic Acids – Part 1						
					
						2					
					
							Chemical Properties of Carboxylic Acids – Part 2						
					
						3					
					
							Carbonyl Group & Its Structure; Oxidation of Alcohol						
					
						4					
					
							Methods of Preparation of Aldehydes & Ketones						
					
						5					
					
							Mechanism of Nucleophilic Attack on the Carbonyl Group						
					
						6					
					
							Chemical Reactions Involving Nucleophilic Attack; Reduction Reaction						
					
						7					
					
							Wolff- Kishner Reduction Oxidation Reaction; Haloform Reaction						
					
						8					
					
							Electrophilic Substitution Reaction; Physical Properties of Aldehydes & Ketones; Hydration of Alkynes						
					
						9					
					
							Reduction of Nitriles & Esters; Preparation of Ketones; Chemical Properties of Carboxylic Acids						
					
						10					
					
							Resonance & Stability of Carboxylate Ion; Acidic Property & Dissociation Constant of Carboxylic Acid						
					
						11					
					
							pKa Values & Effect of Substituent Group on Carboxylic Acids						
					
						12					
					
							Preparation of Carboxylic Acids						
					
						13					
					
							Reaction of Alpha – Hydrogen in Aldehydes & Ketones; Aldol Condensation; Cross Condensation – Part 1						
					
						14					
					
							Cross Condensation – Part 2; Cannizzaro Reaction; Uses of Aldehydes & Ketones						
					
						15					
					
							Nomenclature of Aldehyde, Ketones & Carboxylic Acids						
					Chemistry in Everyday Life
						1					
					
							Introduction						
					
						2					
					
							Receptors as Drug Targets; Therapeutic Action of Different Classes of Drugs – Part 1						
					
						3					
					
							Therapeutic Action of Different Classes of Drugs – Part 2						
					
						4					
					
							Cleansing Agents: Soaps, Synthetic Detergents						
					Polymers
						1					
					
							Introduction						
					
						2					
					
							Preparation of Addition Polymers; Condensation Polymerization						
					
						3					
					
							Rubber – Types of Rubber; Biodegradable Polymers; Addition Polymers						
					Amines
						1					
					
							Introduction						
					
						2					
					
							Preparation of Amines – Part 1						
					
						3					
					
							Preparation of Amines – Part 2						
					
						4					
					
							Classification of Amines						
					
						5					
					
							Physical Properties of Amines						
					
						6					
					
							Boiling Point; Nomenclature of Amines						
					
						7					
					
							Chemical Reactions; Structure – Basicity Relationship of Amines						
					
						8					
					
							Acylation Reactions – Part 1						
					
						9					
					
							Acylation Reactions – Part 2; Carbylamines Test						
					
						10					
					
							Reaction of Aliphatic & Aromatic Amines with Nitrous Acid						
					
						11					
					
							Bromination Reactions of Aromatic Amines						
					
						12					
					
							Diazonium Salts – Preparation & Properties; Displacement Reactions						
					
						13					
					
							Replacement of H group & Coupling Reaction of Diazonium Salts; Displacement Reactions – Part 1						
					
						14					
					
							Displacement Reactions – Part 2						
					
						15					
					
							Reaction of Amines with Salts with Aryl Sulphonyl Chloride						
					
						16					
					
							Nitration						
					
						17					
					
							Sandmeyer Reaction						
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